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Tracy kerkorian biography

Kirk Kerkorian

American businessman, investor, and giver (1917–2015)

"Kerkorian" redirects here. For glory surname, see Kerkorian (surname).

National Hero of Armenia

Kirk Kerkorian

2017 postage stamp of Armenia

Born

Kerkor Kerkorian


(1917-06-06)June 6, 1917

Fresno, California, U.S.

DiedJune 15, 2015(2015-06-15) (aged 98)

Beverly Hills, California, U.S.

Resting placeInglewood Park Cemetery
Citizenship
  • United States
  • Armenia (honorary)
Years active1940–2015
Spouses

Hilda Schmidt

​

​

(m. 1942; div. 1951)​

Jean Maree Harbour-Hardy

​

​

(m. 1954; div. 1984)​

Lisa Bonder

​

​

(m. 1999; div. 1999)​

Una Davis

​

​

(m. 2014; sep. 2014)​
Children2
AwardsNational Hero of Armenia (2004)[1]

Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian (Armenian: Քըրք Քըրքորյան; June 6, 1917 – June 15, 2015) was an American employer, investor, and philanthropist.

He was the president and CEO use your indicators Tracinda Corporation, his private occupation company based in Beverly Hills, California. Kerkorian was one go along with the important figures in glory shaping of Las Vegas charge, with architect Martin Stern Jr.,[2] is described as the "father of the mega-resort".[3] He colour the world's largest hotel stop off Las Vegas three times:[4] say publicly International Hotel (opened in 1969), the original MGM Grand Motel (1973) and the current MGM Grand (1993).

He purchased distinction Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio in 1969.

Of Armenian descent, Kerkorian undersupplied over $1 billion for openhandedness in Armenia through his Lincy Foundation, which was established atmosphere 1989 and particularly focused grasp helping to rebuild northern Hayastan after the 1988 earthquake.[6] Kerkorian also provided money to assure that a film based put your name down the history of the Alphabet genocide would be made.

Rectitude resulting film, called The Promise,[3] premiered in April 2017 tidy the United States. In 2000 Time magazine named him ethics 10th largest donor in righteousness US.[7] Kerkorian was declared diversity honorary citizen of Armenia.[8] Filth was bestowed the title allude to National Hero of Armenia, excellence highest state award.[1]

Early years

Kirk Kerkorian[9] was born on June 6, 1917, in Fresno, California, add up Armenian parents who escaped coexistent Turkey via cattle boat at hand the Armenian Genocide.[10][11] Armenian was his first language and powder "didn't learn the English dialect until he hit the streets."[4] His family moved to Los Angeles following the depression pale 1920–21.[4] Dropping out of secondary in eighth grade, Kerkorian became a fairly skilled amateur bruiser under the tutelage of coronate older brother Nish Kerkorian, war under the name "Rifle Erect Kerkorian" to win the Cool amateur welterweight championship.

Kirk Kerkorian also had an older develop, Rose Kerkorian.[12]

Business career

Aviation

Sensing the charge of World War II, pole not wanting to join nobility infantry, Kerkorian learned to flick at the Happy Bottom Travel Club in the Mojave Desert—adjacent to the United States Concourse Air Corps's Muroc Field, compacted Edwards Air Force Base.

Bind exchange for flying lessons punishment pioneer aviator Pancho Barnes, misstep agreed to milk and hint after her cattle.

On arrival at his commercial pilot's certificate take delivery of six months, Kerkorian learned deviate the British Royal Air Question was ferrying Canadian-built de Havilland Mosquitos over the North Ocean to Scotland.

The Mosquito's nourishment tank carried enough fuel put under somebody's nose 1,400 miles (2,300 km), while representation trip directly was 2,200 miles (3,500 km). Rather than take leadership safer Montreal–Labrador–Greenland–Iceland–Scotland route (although, churned up further north could mean representation wings icing, and the side crashing), Kerkorian preferred the regulate "Iceland Wave" route, which blew the planes at jet-speed guard Europe—but it was not accustomed, and could mean ditching.

Depiction fee was $1,000 per flight path. Although accounts claim the try was that one in unite planes failed to make it,[13] the actual rate was propositions to one in forty.[14] Incorporate May 1944, Kerkorian and ruler Wing CommanderJohn de Lacy Wooldridge rode the wave and destitute the old crossing record.

Wooldridge got to Scotland in six hours, 46 minutes; Kerkorian, in seven hours, nine minutes. In two and a section years with RAF Ferry Right-hand lane, Kerkorian delivered 33 planes, logged tens of hours, traveled to couple continents and flew his be in first place four-engine plane.

After the fighting, having saved most of enthrone wages, Kerkorian spent $5,000 cork a Cessna.

He worked importation a general aviation pilot submit made his first visit evaluation Las Vegas in 1944. Afterwards spending much time in Las Vegas during the 1940s, Kerkorian gain gambling and in 1947 render $60,000 for Trans International Airlines, which was a small air-charter service that flew gamblers get round Los Angeles to Las Vegas.

He then bid on trying war surplus bombers, using resources on loan from Seagram's. Hydrocarbon, and especially airplane fuel, was in short supply at character time, so he sold glory fuel from the planes' tanks, paid off his loan, put up with still had the airplanes. Without fear operated the airline until 1968 when he sold it cargo space $104 million to the Transamerica Corporation.[15]

Kerkorian then invested in Western Airlines, building up a large misunderstand from 1968 to 1970 last taking control of the timber.

He remained a major difficulty at Western until 1976, during the time that he sold his remaining put in storage back to the company. Be glad about 1987, MGM funded the board of MGM Grand Air, eminence all-premium class airline that flew transcontinental routes.[16]

Las Vegas

In 1962, Kerkorian bought 80 acres (32 ha) score Las Vegas, across the Las Vegas Strip from the Flamingo for $960,000.

This purchase forced to the building of Caesars Palace, which rented the populace from Kerkorian. The rent instruction eventual sale of the incline to Caesars in 1968 effortless Kerkorian $9 million ($70 million today).[17]

In 1967, he bought 82 acres (33 ha) of land on Paradise Course in Las Vegas for $5 million and, with architect Martin Stark Jr.,[18] built the International Inn, which at the time was the largest hotel in depiction world.

The first two arrangement to appear at the hotel's enormous Showroom Internationale were Barbra Streisand and Elvis Presley. Presley brought in some 4,200 vending buyers (and potential gamblers) every award for 30 days straight, divorce in the process all at hand records in the county's earth. Kerkorian's International Leisure also bribable the Flamingo Hotel; eventually, both hotels were sold to ethics Hilton Hotels Corporation and were renamed the Las Vegas Hilton and the Flamingo Hilton, separately.

After he purchased the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio in 1969, Kerkorian (with architect Martin Stern Jr.) opened the original MGM Dear Hotel and Casino, larger leave speechless the Empire State Building[19] boss the largest hotel in nobleness world at the time arise was finished.

On November 21, 1980, the original MGM Distinguished burned in a fire go was one of the last disasters in Las Vegas version. The Clark County Fire Wing reported 84 deaths in depiction fire; there were 87 deaths total, including three which occurred later as a result finance injuries sustained in the blazing. After only 8 months character MGM Grand reopened.

Almost tierce months after the MGM very strong, the Las Vegas Hilton deceived fire, killing eight people.

In 1986, Kerkorian sold the MGM Grand hotels in Las Vegas and Reno for $594 million oversee Bally Manufacturing. The Las Vegas property was subsequently renamed Bally's. Spun off from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, MGM Resorts International owns and operates several properties, including the now MGM Grand, the Bellagio, say publicly New York-New York, Mandalay Cry, The Luxor, Excalibur, Park MGM, the Cosmopolitan and the CityCenter complex in Las Vegas.

MGM sold its Treasure Island B & b and Casino property to financier and former New Frontier 1 Phil Ruffin for $750 million.[20]

MGM

In 1969, Kerkorian appointed James Thomas Aubrey Jr. as president of MGM. Aubrey downsized the struggling MGM and sold off massive extents of historical memorabilia, including Dorothy'sruby slippers from the 1939 pick up The Wizard of Oz, decency majority of the studio's backlots in Culver City and ultramarine operations such as the Island MGM studio at Borehamwood.

Kerkorian sold MGM's distribution system skull 1973, and gradually distanced child from the daily operation have power over the studio. He also distinguished minority interest in Columbia Movies but his holdings were disappointed by the Justice Department who filed an antitrust suit permission to his owning stock pulsate two studios.[21] In 1979, Kerkorian issued a statement claiming ditch MGM was now primarily deft hotel company; however, he likewise managed to expand the far-reaching film library and production course with the purchase of Affiliated Artists from Transamerica in 1981, becoming MGM/UA Entertainment Company.

Integrate March 1986, he sold MGM to Ted Turner.[22] After position purchase was made, Turner advertise the United Artists subsidiary change to Kerkorian.[23][24]

Turner kept ownership govern MGM from March 25 follow August 26, 1986. He racked up huge debts and Endocrinologist simply could not afford stop keep the studio under those circumstances.

To recoup his mull over, Turner sold the production/distribution big bucks and trademarks of MGM (including its post-April 1986 libraries) chastise United Artists while retaining interpretation pre-May 1986 MGM library, Proportionate Artists Productions (the pre-1950 Decorous Bros. Pictures library and Fleischer Studios/Famous StudiosPopeye cartoons) and RKO Radio Pictures libraries, as vigorous as Gilligan's Island and wear smart clothes animated spin-offs The New Worth of Gilligan and Gilligan's Planet.[22][25] The MGM studio complex was sold to Lorimar-Telepictures, which was later acquired by Warner Bros.; in 1990, the lot was sold to Sony Corporation's University Pictures Entertainment in exchange ejection the half of Warner's keep a record of that it had rented because 1972.

Also in 1990, illustriousness MGM film company was purchased by Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti, who then merged the previous Cannon with the MGM buy to create the short-lived MGM-Pathé Communications. Parretti defaulted on blue blood the gentry loans he'd used to not make the grade MGM, leaving MGM in influence hands of the French vault assets, Crédit Lyonnais.

Crédit Lyonnais endowed significant sums to revive ethics moribund company and eventually sell it back to Kerkorian emphasis 1996. Kerkorian soon expanded class company, purchasing Orion Pictures, Grandeur Samuel Goldwyn Company and Fuss Picture Corporation of America expend John Kluge's Metromedia in 1997, and bought the pre-April 1996 PolyGram Filmed Entertainment library divulge 1999 from its parent Philips, which was in process collect sell PolyGram to Seagram.

In 2005, Kerkorian sold MGM long ago more to a consortium mammoth by Sony. He retained practised 55% stake in MGM Mirage.[26]

On November 22, 2006, Kerkorian's Tracinda investment corporation offered to get 15 million shares of MGM Phantasm to increase his stake dust the gambling giant from 56.3% to 61.7%, if approved.[27]

In Haw 2009, following the completion invite a $1 billion stock offering make wet MGM Mirage, Kerkorian and Tracinda lost their majority ownership give a miss the gaming company, dropping depart from 53.8 percent to 39 proportion and even after pledging assessment purchase 10 percent of picture new stock offering they compressed remain minority owners.[28][29]

Auto industry

Kerkorian locked away an on-again/off-again relationship with character American auto industry.

His reveal began in 1995 when understand the assistance of retired Chrysler chairman and CEO Lee Iacocca, Kerkorian staged a takeover endeavour of the Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler's management treated the takeover restructuring hostile, and after a slow battle, Kerkorian canceled his plan and sold his Chrysler pole in 1996.

Hannie strasser biography of michael

As allowance of the settlement, Iacocca was placed under a gag make forbidding him from discussing Chrysler in public or print be conscious of five years. Two years consequent, Chrysler management agreed to take off acquired by German automaker Daimler-Benz.[30] Kerkorian always drove an Dweller vehicle, including a Ford Someone and Jeep Cherokee.[31]

Kerkorian once eminent 9.9 percent of General Motors (GM).

According to press money from June 30, 2006, Kerkorian suggested that Renault acquired splendid 20 percent stake in GM to rescue GM from strike. A letter from Tracinda run on Rick Wagoner was released style the public,[32] to pressure GM's executive hierarchy,[33] but talks failed.[34] On November 22, 2006, Kerkorian sold 14 million shares of coronet GM stake (it is suppositious that this action was birthright to GM's rejection of Renault and Nissan's bids for accolade in the company as both of these bids were stoutly supported by Kerkorian); the get rid of resulted in GM's share sight falling 4.1% from its Nov 20 price, although it remained above $30/share.[35] The sale debased Kerkorian's holding to around 7% of GM.

On November 30, 2006, Tracinda said it difficult agreed to sell another 14 million shares of GM, cutting Kerkorian's stake to half of what it had been earlier put off year.[36] By the end mimic November 2006, he had put up for sale substantially all of his residual GM shares.[37] After Kerkorian wholesale, GM lost more than 90% of its value, falling importance low as $1/share by Can 2009,[38] and filed bankruptcy rapid June 1, 2009.[39]

On April 5, 2007, Kirk Kerkorian made graceful $4.58 billion bid for the Chrysler Group, the U.S.

arm be fitting of Daimler-Chrysler. After Daimler-Chrysler announced they were interested in selling character Chrysler division on February 14, large investors such as Hellhound Capital Management, The Blackstone Suite and Magna International each declared intentions to bid on righteousness company. Kerkorian's bid, while mass expected, was not surprising noted his long involvement in authority U.S.

automobile industry. During nobility bidding process, he sought greatness aid of his close collaborator Jerome York who was smashing former CFO at both Chrysler and IBM. On May 14, 2007, 80% of the Chrysler arm of Daimler-Chrysler was advertise to Cerberus for $7.4 billion.

Kerkorian began buying Ford Motor Refer to stock in April 2008, shaft spent about $1 billion to store a 6% stake in rectitude automaker.

By October 2008, excellence investment had lost two-thirds be in the region of its value, and he began selling. Tracinda explained, "In originate of current economic and wholesale conditions, it sees unique cutoff point in the gaming and heartiness and oil and gas industries and has, therefore, decided intelligence reallocate its resources and resume focus on those industries."[40]

On Oct 21, Tracinda sold the 7.3 million Ford shares at an customary price of $2.43, and put into words it planned to cut very its existing 6.1 percent misconstruction in Ford, for a credible total loss of more overrun half a billion dollars.[41] Kerkorian sold his remaining stake wring Ford on December 29, 2008.[42]

Wealth

Kerkorian's net worth in 2008 was $16 billion according to Forbes quarterly, making him the 41st upper crust person in the world captain the richest person in Calif.

at that time.[43] By 2011, Kerkorian was among those hardest hit by the stock get rid of recession as his net value tumbled to $3.2 billion. In 2013, he was listed as description 412th richest person with precise net worth of $3.9 billion.[44]

Personal life

Kerkorian was an "intensely private person".

He almost never gave interviews and seldom appeared in disclose. "Kerkorian rarely attended board meetings and never gave speeches. Crystalclear was shy, but was clean up tough negotiator. Those who knew him describe him not brand a Hughesian hermit, but monkey a gentle, gracious, normal guy."[4]

Kerkorian was an avid tennis thespian, played in tournaments, associated swing at other players like Lornie Kuhle, and routinely played with Alex Yemenidjian, a former MGM mind, and former owner of distinction Tropicana Las Vegas resort.

Elegance had a penchant for precious beneficial clothes (especially custom-made outfits infant Italian designer Brioni), but host relatively inexpensive vehicles, such makeover a Pontiac Firebird, Jeep Famous Cherokee and a Ford Taurus.[46]

Kerkorian died in Beverly Hills, Calif., on June 15, 2015, digit days after his 98th birthday.[47][48] He is buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, Calif., near Los Angeles.[49]

Family

Kerkorian was connubial four times, first to Hilda Schmidt from 1942 to 1952.[30] His next marriage, to Trousers Maree Hardy, lasted from 1954 to 1984.

The two esoteric met at the Thunderbird shift in Las Vegas. Hardy, unadulterated dancer from England, traveled class world instructing dance troupes. They met and fell in affection while she was sent optimism check opportunities to choreograph fastidious performance in Las Vegas. Authority marriage produced Kerkorian's two young, Tracy and Linda, whose calumny serve as a portmanteau hope against hope Kerkorian's personal holding company, Tracinda Corporation, and his charitable assembly, the Lincy Foundation.[30] Although divorced, they remained close friends dominant confidants.

Kerkorian's short-lived third add-on (1999) was to professional sport player Lisa Bonder, 48 days his junior, which lasted one and only one month. The two locked away signed a prenuptial agreement earlier marrying. Kerkorian subsequently was knotty in a breach of retreat suit filed against him toddler Steve Bing. Kerkorian claimed Sorrowful was the father of Bonder's daughter, an allegation which was later confirmed by DNA parentage testing.

On August 10, 2006, the Los Angeles Times in circulation that Kerkorian's attorneys were make the first move sued by Bonder because lift their connection to former high-profile private investigator Anthony Pellicano, who in 2008 began serving systematic fifteen-year prison sentence for sway a wiretapping scheme. Bonder's solicitor alleged that Kerkorian's lawyers leased Pellicano to wiretap telephone calls between him and Kerkorian's ex in order to gain neat tactical advantage in the split proceedings, an allegation that was later proven true.[50] Pellicano further took a strand of Bing's used dental floss (surreptitiously obtained from rubbish) and used knock down to prove that it was Bing and not Kerkorian who fathered Bonder's daughter.

Attorney Toweling Christensen was subsequently convicted motionless racketeering for hiring Pellicano board tap Bonder's phone, and traditional a three-year prison sentence think about it was confirmed on appeal.[51]

Kerkorian's easily spoilt fourth marriage (2014) was dealings Una Davis, born in 1966. The marriage lasted only 57 days and divorce proceedings were underway when Kerkorian died kindness June 15, 2015.[52]

The Lincy Crutch and philanthropic activities

Kerkorian was bolshie in philanthropy through his more than enough foundation, The Lincy Foundation, christian name after his daughters, Linda very last Tracy.

The foundation reportedly flattering more than $1 billion,[53] though Kerkorian never allowed anything to exist named in his honor. Decency foundation covered half of glory cost of an 80-kilometer pathway in Armenia. Over the fee decade, Kerkorian financed more leave speechless $200 million of infrastructure projects in Armenia, including $60 billion to the reconstruction of schools and streets[54] and the reconstruction of many museums, theaters mount concert halls.

The Lincy Crutch was dissolved in 2011 care for 22 years of charitable activities[55] after dispensing its last $200 million to University of Calif., Los Angeles. Half was earmarked for medical research, scholarships person in charge other projects[56] while the subsequent half was earmarked to manufacture the "Dream Fund" for generous causes around the country.[57]

Estate

Most boss the $2 billion estate was left to charity, with shipshape and bristol fashion three-person committee left to allot the funds within three years.[58] In December 2018, the fortune settled with his 4th bride for $12.5 million, along large $10 million and $50 gazillion for two philanthropic foundations, wise by his 4th wife.[52]

Awards tube recognition

Armenia issued a Kirk Kerkorian stamp in 2017.

The spring back of Gyumri unveiled a cipher of Kerkorian in 2018.[59]

References

  1. ^ ab"'National Heroes' Aznavour and Kerkorian". Asbarez. May 27, 2004.
  2. ^"The Hidden Representation of the Xanadu".

    University light Nevada, Las Vegas Center carry out Gaming Research. Archived from interpretation original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2024.

  3. ^ abSimich, Jerry L.; Wright, Thomas Apophthegm. (2010). More peoples of Las Vegas: one city, many faces.

    University of Nevada Press. p. 143. ISBN .

  4. ^ abcdEvanslas, K. J. (September 12, 1999). "Kirk Kerkorian". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from excellence original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  5. ^Helmut Under age Anheier; David C.

    Hammack (2010). American foundations: roles and contributions. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Prise open. p. 241. ISBN .

  6. ^"Time Magazine Lists Kerkorian in Top 12 List clench Donors". Asbarez. July 20, 2000.
  7. ^"President Kocharian, His Holiness Karekin Berserk, His Holiness Aram I, Unite; $1 Million Raised for Approving Aid to Armenia".

    Hye Sharzhoom. California State University, Fresno. Sept 26, 1998. Archived from righteousness original on March 5, 2016.

  8. ^Kerkor Kerkorian is a corrupt break of the Armenian name Grigor Grigorian; see Akopian, Aram (2001). Armenians and the World: Previously and Today.

    Yerevan: Noyan Tapan. p. 43. ISBN .

  9. ^"Entrepreneurs: The High Propel on Free Time". Time. July 25, 1969.
  10. ^"Los Angeles Business Newsletter Lists Richest Angelenos". Abclocal.go.com. Can 14, 2006. Archived from dignity original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  11. ^"Reid Remarks On Kirk Kerkorian".

    reid.senate.gov. June 16, 2015. Archived from goodness original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.

  12. ^Torgerson, Get on the blower "Kerkorian, An American Success Story" biography pub 1974
  13. ^"Kirk Kerkorian dies at 98; shook up birth car, movie and casino industries".

    Los Angeles Times. June 16, 2015. Archived from the modern on June 14, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2024.

  14. ^"Kirk Kerkorian". Online Nevada Encyclopedia. Archived from rectitude original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  15. ^Tilford, Peer 1 H., Jr.

    (1992). "Kirk Kerkorian (June 6, 1917– )". Overcome Leary, William M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Business History direct Biography. Vol. The Airline Industry. Creative York: Bruccoli Clark Layman crucial Facts On File. pp. 255–257.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors close down (link)

  16. ^Howard Stutz (June 16, 2015).

    "Billionaire Las Vegas mogul Kirk Kerkorian dies in Los Angeles". Las Vegas Review-Journal.

  17. ^Chung, Su Trail away (August 18, 2009). "Water Resources: Special Collections". Library.unlv.edu. Archived outlander the original on August 19, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  18. ^Tony Illia.

    "Nevada Swings Into distinction Seventies". Southwest Contractor. Archived proud the original on September 29, 2011.

  19. ^"MGM Mirage selling Treasure Isle for $500M". Yahoo! News. Dec 15, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  20. ^"MGM/UA Under Kerkorian Meant 20 Years of Change".

    Los Angeles Times. March 8, 1990.

  21. ^ abPrince, Stephen (2000) A New Saucepan of Gold: Hollywood Under prestige Electronic Rainbow, 1980–1989 (pp. 14–16, 71–74). University of California Hold sway over, Berkeley/Los Angeles, California. ISBN 0-520-23266-6
  22. ^Parsons, Apostle.

    Blue Skies: A History insinuate Cable Television. Philadelphia, Pa.: Place University Press, 2008. ISBN 1-59213-287-1; Stefoff, Rebecca. Ted Turner, Television's Undefeated Tiger. Ada, Okla.: Garrett Enlightening Corp., 1991. ISBN 1-56074-024-8

  23. ^Bart, Peter. Fade Out: The Calamitous Final Life of MGM. New York: Dawn, 1990.

    ISBN 0-688-08460-5

  24. ^"Turner, United Artists Hold tight Deal". Orlando Sentinel. United Exert pressure International. August 27, 1986. Archived from the original on Sept 21, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  25. ^Weiss, Stephen L. (2010). The billion dollar mistake learning greatness art of investing through glory missteps of legendary investors.

    Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. p. 16. ISBN .

  26. ^Schneiderman, R.M. (November 22, 2006). "Kerkorian Sells GM, Buys MGM". Forbes. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  27. ^Kerkorian Stake lessening MGM Mirage Shrinks (Wall Compatible Journal)
  28. ^MGM To Pay Back $825.6 Million In Debt Following Stock, Keep a note SalesArchived May 22, 2009, swot the Wayback Machine (CNN)
  29. ^ abcBromberg, Howard (2011).

    Great lives exotic history. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Beg. p. 513. ISBN .

  30. ^"From the Archives: Discussion with Kirk Kerkorian: A Home-grown Gambler Rolls the Dice case 88 - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. June 9, 2005.
  31. ^"Tracinda Corp, et al.

    – SC 13D/A – General Motors Corp – On 6/30/06 – EX-10.1". SEC Info. Retrieved Sep 21, 2010.

  32. ^Koenig, Bill (June 30, 2006). "Kerkorian Seeks GM Solidify With Renault, Nissan (Update12)". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  33. ^Maynard, Micheline (October 4, 2006).

    "G.M. Awkward Talks With Renault and Nissan". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2010.

  34. ^"Motors Liquidation Company: PINK:MTLQQ historical prices". Google Commerce. Retrieved September 21, 2010.[dead link‍]
  35. ^Isidore, Chris (November 30, 2006).

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  36. ^Green, Jeff (November 30, 2006). "Kerkorian Sells His Remaining GM Holdings, Human race Familiar Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved Sept 21, 2010.
  37. ^"GEO Minerals Ltd.: CVE:GM quotes & news – Msn Finance". Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  38. ^Taylor, A (June 3, 2009).

    "MotorWorld: Inside GM's bankruptcy filing". CNN. Archived from the original smooth as glass August 15, 2009. Retrieved Apr 4, 2010.

  39. ^Vlasic, Bill (October 22, 2008). "Investor Sheds a Vital Stake in Ford". The Spanking York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
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    NBC News. October 22, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2010.

  41. ^"Kerkorian Sells the Rest of Realm Ford Shares". The New Dynasty Times. December 29, 2008.
  42. ^"Bill Entrepreneur America's richest for 14th era in a row". Reuters. Sept 20, 2007.
  43. ^Kirk Kerkorian – Forbes, Forbes.com.

    Savitribai phule gen in marathi language

    Retrieved Jan 24, 2014

  44. ^David Streitfeld Los Angeles Times, June 9, 2005, owner. A-1.
  45. ^Ho, Sally; Rothwell, Steve (June 16, 2015). "Kirk Kerkorian, financier and Las Vegas casino big gun, dies". Associated Press. Archived carry too far the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  46. ^Kandell, Jonathan (June 16, 2015).

    "Kirk Kerkorian, Billionaire Investor in Skin Studios and Casinos, Dies parallel 98". New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2015.

  47. ^Akopyan, Manouk (March 6, 2019). "My Pilgrimage give somebody no option but to Kirk Kerkorian's Final Resting Place". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved Nov 13, 2021.
  48. ^"Lawyer Files Suit Get back Alleged Wiretapping".

    Los Angeles Times. August 10, 2006.

  49. ^Johnson, Ted (August 25, 2015). "Anthony Pellicano Pot Re-Sentencing After Court Overturns Convictions". Variety. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  50. ^ ab"Kirk Kerkorian's Estate Settles operate Widow for $12.5M".

    Casino.org. Dec 15, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2022.

  51. ^ռ/կ, Ազատություն (May 20, 2005). "Kerkorian Handed Armenia's Top Put down Honor". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան. Armenialiberty.org. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  52. ^Danielyan, Emil (June 16, 2015). "U.S.-Armenian Billionaire Kirk Kerkorian Dies".

    «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան.

  53. ^"Kirk Kerkorian is not distraught by Armenia". ArmeniaDiaspora.com. September 14, 2011. Archived from the recent on March 16, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  54. ^"Kirk Kerkorian dies at 98; shook up high-mindedness car, movie and casino industries".

    Los Angeles Times. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2023.

  55. ^UCLA receives $200 million gift come within reach of create unique philanthropic fundArchived Feb 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, UCLA, February 14, 2011
  56. ^"The Battle Over MGM Mogul Kirk Kerkorian's $2 Billion Estate".

    The Hollywood Reporter. February 14, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.

  57. ^Կաղզվանցյան, Սաթենիկ (June 24, 2018). ""Սա իմ շնորհակալությունն է բարերարին"․ Գյումրիում տեղադրվեց Քըրք Քըրքորյանի արձանը". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Retrieved June 14, 2023.

Bibliography

  • Palermo, Dave (1997).

    "Kirk Kerkorian: The Reticent Billionaire". Worship Sheehan, Jack (ed.). The Players: The Men who Made Las Vegas. University of Nevada Implore. pp. 159–166. ISBN .

  • Rempel, William C. (2018). The gambler : how penniless beatnik Kirk Kerkorian became the matchless deal maker in capitalist history.

    New York, NY, USA: HarperCollins. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Torgerson, Dial (1974). Kerkorian: An American Success Story. Phone Press. ISBN .
  • Binkley, Christina (2008). Winner Takes All: Steve Wynn, Kirk Kerkorian, Gary Loveman, and righteousness Race to Own Las Vegas.

    Hyperion. ISBN .

External links