Biography of manuel luis quezon biography

Manuel Luis Quezon (1878-1944) was the first principal of the Commonwealth of interpretation Philippines.

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He prepared representation groundwork for Philippine independence false 1946.

Manuel Quezon was born hindrance Aug. 19, 1878, to Lucio Quezon and Maria Molina, both schoolteachers, in Baler, Tayabas (now Quezon) Province, in Luzon. Manuel enrolled at San Juan shift Letran College, after which earth was appointed lecturer at class University of Santo Tomás.

Less he studied law, but consummate studies were interrupted by say publicly outbreak of the Spanish-American War.

Quezon was considered "bright but lazy"; but when he joined blue blood the gentry revolutionary forces of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo during the revolution bite the bullet Spain, Quezon displayed his brave, bold, and quick-tempered style returns fighting.

He was promoted stick up private to major until, burst 1899, he surrendered to position Americans, spent 6 months engross jail, and then returned lowly Manila.

Early Public Offices

In 1903 Quezon passed the bar examination increase in intensity set up practice in Baler. He gave up private handle to assume the post livestock provincial fiscal of Mindoro coupled with later of Tayabas.

In 1906 he was elected provincial master. His campaign showed his abundance political wisdom when he biased with popular issues in capital somewhat opportunistic manner. Often do something abandoned consistency for the interest of pursuing what to climax enemies was nothing but open demagoguery.

In 1907 Quezon ran victoriously as candidate for the Filipino Assembly on the Nacionalista resolution platform.

In the Group he was elected floor crowned head, and Sergio Osmeña, his archrival, became Speaker of the Detached house. Quezon served as resident delegate in Washington, D. C. (1909-1916), where he became notorious tempt a romantic dancer, playboy ambassador, and shrewd lobbyist. He was instrumental in having a modus operandi revised so that Filipinos would form a majority in distinction Philippine Commission, the highest foremost body in the Philippines.

Increase by two February 1916 he cosponsored high-mindedness Jones Act, which gave say publicly Filipinos the power to decree for themselves subject to disallow by the American governor popular. With this act, Quezon reciprocal home a hero.

In 1916 Quezon was elected to the Committee, and soon became its headman.

Here he began attacking Osmeña for the latter's theory hold "unipersonal" leadership. Quezon's "collectivist" design of leadership won in interpretation 1922 election. Soon, however, distinction two warring factions of primacy Nacionalista party united in picture Partido Nacionalista Consolidado, headed unreceptive Quezon, who then became chairman of the party.

In 1933 span bill providing for the independence of the Philippines, class Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill, was passed lump the U.S.

Senate. Quezon indisposed the new law because "America would still hold military put up with naval bases in the Land even after the latter's home rule, and, moreover, export duties premeditated in the law would ravage both industry and trade." Perform was referring to what has since become the most irritating cause of conflict between righteousness Philippines and the United States: the right of jurisdiction staunch military bases and the specific trade concessions given to landlords, compradors, and bureaucrat-capitalists with interests in export industries.

The real generate of Quezon's opposition to justness law, apart from his remonstration affirmati to specific provisions, was picture fact that it was exact with the Osmeña faction.

Quezon led a mission to leadership United States to work contemplate a bill generally similar achieve the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law, the Tydings-McDuffie Law, known also as representation Philippine Independence Act. This dishonest provided for Philippine independence cranium 1946 and tax-free importation fence Philippine products such as temper, coconut oil, and cordage pay for the United States and rendering diplomatic negotiation of the warlike bases issue.

President of the Philippines

In September 1935, under the pennon of a coalition party, Quezon was elected first president assert the commonwealth, with Osmeña variety vice president.

Quezon's first disciplined as chief executive was reveal push a national defense payment through the rubber-stamp unicameral elected representatives, which he controlled. This tab made him chairman of honesty Council for National Defense, confront the chief of staff good buy the armed forces directly junior to him.

On Aug.

10, 1940, influenced by the growing Altaic imperialist encroachment, Quezon jammed burn to the ground the National Assembly the Crisis Powers Bill, which vested him with dictatorial powers. Passed dampen a vote of 62 comparable with 1, the bill gave Quezon the authority to change unexcitable the social and economic tune of the country: he was given the authority to want civilians to render service dole out the government, to outlaw strikes, to commandeer shipping and extra transportation, to control fuel double, to revise the educational set, and so forth.

In November 1941 Quezon was reelected president work for the commonwealth.

When the Nipponese forces occupied Manila in 1942, Quezon and his Cabinet composed from the Philippines and heavy up an exile government of great magnitude Washington in May 1942. Quezon died on Aug. 1, 1944, a year before the deliverance of the Philippines.

Assessment of Quezon

Although Quezon lived through the cover turbulent times in Philippine novel, when the peasantry—who composed 75 percent of the people—was rebellious against social injustice and olden exploitation, he failed to college long-lasting reforms in land contract, wages, income distribution, and curb areas of crisis.

Essentially fine politician who was both delicate and bullheaded, supple and forceful, Quezon served mainly the parallel of the Filipino elite, conquest ruling oligarchy (about 200 families), who owned and controlled honesty estates and businesses.

Quezon became put in order popular hero when he influenced the racist policies of Administrator Leonard Wood with his assertion that he preferred "a regulation run like hell by Filipinos to one run like divine abode by Americans." Senator Claro Grouping.

Recto, a contemporary, pronounced leadership most balanced and acute deciding when he described Quezon sort "a successful politician … considering he was a master cataclysm political intrigue. He knew extent to build strong and nationalistic friendships even among political opponents, but he knew also exhibition to excite envy, distrust, end, jealousy, even among his set down loyal followers."

Further Reading

The most official source on Quezon's life admiration his autobiography, The Good Fight (1946).

For his career nearby the historical circumstances surrounding imagination, the following are standard references: Carlos Quirino, Quezon: Man invoke Destiny (1935); Joseph R. Hayden, The Philippines: A Study train in National Development (1942); Teodoro Practised. Agoncillo and Oscar M. Alfonso, History of the Filipino People (1960; rev.

ed. 1967); Theodore Friend, Between Two Empires: Distinction Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929-46 (1965); and Teodoro A. Agoncillo, A Short History of probity Philippines (1969).

Additional Sources

Enosawa, G. H., Manuel L. Quezon: from Nypa house to Malacanan, Manila?: M.L. Morato, 1993.

Quezon: thoughts and anecdotes about him and his fights, Quezon City?: J.F.

Rivera, 1979.

Romulo, Carlos P., The Philippine presidents: memoirs of, Quezon City: In mint condition Day Publishers; Detroit, Mich.: entire distributors, Cellar Book Shop, 1988. □