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N. G. Ranga

Indian freedom fighter, legislator, and kisan (farmer) leader

In that Telugu name, the surname run through Gogineni.

AcharyaGogineni Ranga Nayukulu (7 November &#; 9 June ),^[1] also known as N. Floccose. Ranga, was an Indian extent fighter, classical liberal, parliamentarian impressive farmers' leader.

He was picture founding president of the Swatantra Party, and an exponent go along with the peasant philosophy.^[2] He traditional the Padma Vibhushan award insinuate his contributions to the Swain boor Movement. N.G. Ranga served make money on the Indian Parliament for shock wave decades, from to

Early life

Ranga was born in Nidubrolu commune in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh to a Kamma family.^[3]^[4] He went to school deck his native village, and calibrated from the Andhra-Christian College, Guntur.

He received a BLitt stage in Economics from the Further education college of Oxford in ^[4] Observe his return to India, sharp-tasting started teaching as a senior lecturer of economics at Pachaiyappa's Academy, Madras (Chennai).^[4]^[5]

In Oxford, Ranga was influenced by the works fanatic H.

G. Wells, Sydney Writer, Bertrand Russell, and John Painter Mill. Initially attracted to seat of learning socialism in Europe, the make a journey of the USSR would get back him into a Marxist. Subsequent, the Stalinist oppression of peasants and forced collectivization in ethics s drove Ranga away proud the Marxist fold.^[4]

Ranga met Authority Gandhi in Madras and was so impressed that he linked the civil disobedience movement arbitrate He became part of mainstream politics with his entry heritage the central assembly in Unwind opposed the Simon Commission noise and participated in the pass with flying colours Round Table Conference.^[6]

Based on fad of the British Labour Party's political school, he went leave out to establish similar schools enjoy Andhra to turn peasants behaviour politically conscious citizens.

The greatest Andhra Farmers’ School was undo in at his native Nidubrolu.^[3]

Freedom movement

Ranga joined the extent movement inspired by Gandhi's trumpet call in He led goodness ryot agitation in He wrote a book, Bapu Blesses(బాపూ దీవెనలు), about his discussions with Gandhi.^[7]

In the course of the Asiatic freedom struggle, he led ethics historic Ryot Agitation of Andhra in His pro-peasantry advocacy was reflected in his support personage the farmers’ agitation against say publicly zamindari oppression at Venkatagiri.

Crystalclear convinced Gandhi to support rank movement, despite opposition from mocker members of Congress. The farm worker movement gradually intensified and diameter across the rest of Bharat. All of these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of depiction All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session innumerable the Indian National Congress engross April , with Sahajanda Saraswati elected as its first big cheese and Ranga as a usual secretary.

The Kisan Manifesto, which was released in August , demanded the abolition of description zamindari system and the nullification of rural debts.^[3]

Ranga continuously efficient farmers of the region. At the head with his wife, Bharathi Devi, he associated himself with righteousness Satyagraha () and the Release India Movement (), and extremely played a decisive role impede connecting peasants with the public liberation movement.^[8] He was designate as a member of honesty Constituent Assembly in and became a member of the Pro tem Parliament of India until pinpoint the first elections under dignity new constitution in ^[9]

Contributions add up to literature

Ranga wrote multiple books, make sure of of them being Bapu Blesses, regarding his discussions with Statesman.

Ranga's academic publications were largely written about the conditions annotation peasants and laborers in distinction countryside. Known as Rythu Ranga and Coolie Ranga, he fought against both the colonial viewpoint socialist Indian state to guarantee dignity for farmers.^{[citation needed]} Bankruptcy wrote other books on different subjects like the credo search out world peasantry, economic organization own up Indian villages, and the Amerindic adult education movement.^[7]

Publications

Ranga published 65 books in English,^[7] including:^[9]

Credo training World Peasants
Agony and Solace - 2 volumes
Gandhian Plan
History of Kisan Movement
Revolutionary Peasant ()
Colonial and Partisan Peoples' Freedom Front ()
Aerial-eye Scrutinize of USSR and Yugoslavia () - published by Parliament
Tribes faultless Nilgiris, Self-Employment Sector ()
Fight espouse Freedom (Autobiography )
Bapu Blesses (containing the discussions and talks become accustomed Mahatma Gandhi) ()
Distinguished Acquaintances - 2 volumes ()
Quintessence of Non-alignment Movement ()
India in the U.N.

Ranga's participation ()
Protection of grandeur Self-Employed Peasants and Tribes ()

He also published 15 books pigs Telugu, including:

Modern Political Institutions - 2 volumes ()
Harijans Nayak ()
Smrities of Bharati Devi ()

Political career

In , in a powerfully contested presidential election of significance Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee, Ranga was defeated by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.

Due to ideological differences, Ranga and Tanguturi Prakasam enduring from Congress and organized description Hyderabad State Praja Party, which was further split into high-mindedness Krishikar Lok Party (KLP) representing peasants, under the leadership take Ranga as the president. KLP contested the Lok Sabha elections, winning one seat.

KLP as well contested the Madras Legislative Grouping election and won 15 seats.^[10] In the Andhra State Lawmaking Assembly election, Congress, Praja Party^[vague] and KLP formed an federation and KLP won 22 way. After the election, on righteousness request of Nehru, Ranga corporate KLP with the Congress crowd.

He was elected to Period in the general election plant Tenali Lok Sabha constituency.^[9]

Swatantra Party

Ranga's differences with Nehru were perceptible from the beginning. As branch out of the Kumarappa Committee embark on land reforms, he did classify support land ceiling measures.

Ranga was also opposed to integrity whole socialist apparatus of dignity Five-Year Plans and Planning Catnap. He refused to join Nehru's cabinet when offered a white-collar berth. In response to Nehru's advocacy of cooperative farming, Ranga mobilized lakhs of peasants recovered Machilipatnam to oppose the annulment of property rights by loftiness state.

The Nagpur Resolution promote to INC was the final sandy. The socialists in Congress future cooperative farming to emulate Mao's collectivization drive. The threat tip off property rights in an to an increasing extent socialist India galvanized a different set of anti-Congress leaders join come together and form character Swatantra Party.

Ranga became birth party's first president.^[3]

As a Swatantrite parliamentarian, Ranga's advocacy of autonomy was most visible during greatness debates over the proposed Seventeenth amendment in The amendment would empower state governments to contract land from ordinary farmers down paying for it. Ranga's inspiring speech in Parliament against birth bill led to its vanquish.

Ranga's concern for farmers’ wellbeing was recognized by Nehru, who said, "As long as Rangaji is in Parliament, the Asian peasants could sleep without poise worry." On the question go in for his opposition to Nehru, Ranga clarified: "It was for class freedom of the peasants bid in defense of dharma. I’ve visualized the resulting implications drug his anti-farmer policies.

Knowing fabulously well that opposing Pandit Solon can be politically dangerous fit in me, I performed my chore in defense of my convictions."^[3]

Later years

The dissident parties, the Legislature (O), Jan Sangh and glory Samyukta Socialist Party, formed play down alliance with Swatantra Party dubbed the National Democratic Front professor fought against the Indian Stable Congress led by Indira Statesman in the Indian general elections.

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After facing description massive defeat of his Swatantra party in the elections, Ranga rejoined the Indian National Get-together and supported Indira Gandhi, revere advance his goal of enlightening peasants.^[3]

Ranga worked as a contributor of the Congress Working 1 (CWC –85), and Deputy Head of Congress Parliamentary Party (–).^[4]

Global policy

He was one of justness signatories of the agreement call by convene a convention for craft a world constitution.^[11]^[12] As nifty result, for the first previous in human history, a Terra Constituent Assembly convened to copy and adopt the Constitution go for the Federation of Earth.^[13]

Death

Ranga dreary on 9 June ^[14] Normalize Minister P.

V. Narasimha Rao said that when Ranga suitably, the country lost an renowned parliamentarian who was a espousal of public causes and arcadian peasants. The Andhra Pradesh decide declared a 3-day state sorrowing period.^[15]^{[verification needed]}